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Cardiovascular health in African Americans: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing Council on Clinical Cardiology Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Stroke Council. In this study, Black women who reported experiences of interpersonal racism in situations involving employment, housing, and interactions with police appeared to have an increased risk of stroke, even after accounting for demographic and vascular risk factors, suggesting that the high burden of racism experienced by Black US women may contribute to racial disparities in stroke incidence.Ĭarnethon MR, Pu J, Howard G, et al. For comparisons of women in the highest quartile of everyday interpersonal racism score vs women in the lowest quartile, multivariable HRs were 1.14 (95% CI, 0.97-1.35) for analyses that included all incident stroke and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.83-1.45) for analyses that included definite cases only. Multivariable HRs for reported experiences of racism in all 3 domains of employment, housing, and interactions with police vs no such experiences were 1.38 (95% CI, 1.14-1.67), a 38% increase, for all incident cases and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.00-1.88) for definite cases. During the 22 years of follow-up, 1664 incident stroke cases were identified among them, 550 were definite cases confirmed by neurologist review and/or National Death Index linkage.

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In 1997, 48 375 Black women (mean age, 41 years) provided information on perceived interpersonal racism and were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Strokes were identified through self-report on biennial questionnaires, medical records adjudication, and linkage with the National Death Index.

On a questionnaire completed in 1997, participants reported experiences of racism in everyday life and when dealing with situations that involved employment, housing, and interactions with police. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 until December 2022. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, adjusting for major confounders, including education, neighborhood socioeconomic environment, and cardiometabolic factors. Stroke-free participants were followed up from 1997 until onset of stroke, death, loss to follow-up, or the end of the study period (December 31, 2019).

The Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 59 000 Black women from across the US, assessed the longitudinal association between perceived interpersonal racism and stroke incidence. To examine the association of perceived interpersonal racism with incident stroke among US Black women. Studies examining the prospective association of interpersonal racism with stroke are lacking. Black individuals in the US experience stroke and stroke-related mortality at younger ages and more frequently than other racial groups.